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Preface

tissue engineering, biological modeling, and drug screening. As more and more

people are enduring the symptoms of neurodegenerative disorders every day,

stem cells seem to hold promise for treating these conditions.

Brain tumor tissue engineering applications are covered in Chapter 3.

Glioblastoma (GBM) in particular is the deadliest of these tumors because

of its aggressiveness, ability to invade, and late diagnosis, all of which neces-

sitate the use of modern biotechnologies. The range of GBM diagnosis and

treatment modalities now employed in clinics calls for the enhancement of

current care. Tissue engineering can be a very useful tool for researchers and

doctors to better understand the biology of the tumor and increase patient’s

life.

The focus of Chapter 4 is imaging-based brain tumor detection. Early brain

tumor identification is essential for an early diagnosis and a well-thought-out

treatment plan. Over the past few years, MRI scanning has played an in-

creasingly important role in medical research. Digital image processing plays

a major role in medical image analysis. Image segmentation is a crucial step in

image processing since it makes data extraction from complex medical images

easier. Dividing of aberrant brain tissue (a tumor) from healthy brain tissue

is known as brain tumor segmentation. Brain tumor segmentation algorithms

have shown promise in the analysis and detection of tumors in clinical images.

Since the beginning locations of metastatic gliomas are unpredictable, Chap-

ter 5 focuses on spatiotemporal simulation of initial glioma growth. Several

reaction diffusion equation techniques have been used to simulate the growth

of gliomas in both the reaction and diffusion phases. The spatiotemporal state

of glioma growth has been simulated using three response equations and five

distinct diffusion techniques. The life expectancy of a patient, the future ef-

fects of brain damage on perception and attitude, and the efficacy of present

treatments can all be predicted with the use of brain tumor development sim-

ulator modeling.

In Chapter 6, fractional operators are discussed in the mathematical mod-

eling of brain tumors. Partial differential equations and ordinary differential

equations are examples of mathematical models, as are mathematical struc-

tures. Although there are several ways to solve the problem, information about

fractional operators in glioma modeling is provided in this chapter. The impact

of fractional calculus on the formation of brain tumors is also investigated.

Applications of the Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) are the main topic

of Chapter 7. The development of BCI systems has the potential to signif-

icantly improve our knowledge of, and ability to treat neuropsychiatric dis-

orders such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and other mood and

mental disorders. The first section of the chapter explains the basic ideas be-

hind electroencephalography (EEG) and why it is useful for recording brain

activity in real time. It then explores the complex field of neurodegenerative

diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders, highlighting how EEG-based BCIs

can improve diagnostic, therapeutic, and rehabilitative approaches.

The research on brain bioinformatics utilizing RNA-seq and Microarray